Outliers are represented by closed circles. Absence of whiskers indicates absence of data points outside of the 25th/75th percentile. Tukey’s box plots were used to represent data (N = 6 fish per group): data median is represented by a line and data mean by an open circle, the box extends to the furthest data points within the 25th and 75th percentile, and whiskers extend to the furthest data points not considered outliers.
Different letters indicate statistical significance at P<0.05. Fluorescence intensity was normalized to untreated-controls such that a value = 1 indicates the same fluorescence, >1 indicates greater fluorescence, and <1 indicates reduced fluorescence relative to the untreated-controls. B) Quantification of DASPEI fluorescence intensity of the olfactory epithelium. burtoni immersed in untreated-control water, low-calcium water, low-0.1mM CoCl2, and high-2mM CoCl2 immediately after treatment and 18-hours post-treatment. burtoni.Ī) Representative photomicrographs of DASPEI-stained olfactory epithelia from A. These data have important implications for the use of CoCl2 in future research and suggest that previous studies using CoCl2 should be reinterpreted in the context of both impaired mechanoreception and olfaction.Ĭobalt chloride treatment reduces DASPEI staining in the olfactory epithelium of the cichlid A. To our knowledge this is the first empirical evidence demonstrating that the same CoCl2 treatment used to ablate the lateral line system also impairs olfactory function. burtoni, cobalt treatment caused reduced neural activation in olfactory processing regions of the brain.
All three species exposed to CoCl2 had decreased DASPEI staining of the olfactory epithelium, and in A.
burtoni immersed in either control or cobalt solutions. In addition, we examined brain activation in olfactory processing regions of A. To examine the impact of CoCl2 on the activity of peripheral receptors, we quantified DASPEI fluorescence intensity of the olfactory epithelium from fish exposed to control and CoCl2 solutions. Here, we examined whether CoCl2 treatment used to ablate the lateral line system also impairs olfaction in three freshwater fishes, the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, goldfish Carassius auratus, and the Mexican blind cavefish Astyanax mexicanus. However, cobalt acts as a nonspecific calcium channel antagonist and could potentially disrupt function of all superficially located sensory receptor cells, including those for chemosensing. Cobalt chloride is commonly used to chemically ablate lateral line neuromasts, thereby eliminating water-movement cues to test for mechanosensory-mediated behavioral functions. The mechanosensory lateral line system of fishes detects near-body water movements and is implicated in a variety of behaviors including schooling, rheotaxis, social communication, and prey detection. These complex behavioral displays can include visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, and hydrodynamic signals, and the relative role of each sensory channel in these complex multi-sensory interactions is a common focus of neuroethology. Fishes use multimodal signals during both inter- and intra-sexual displays to convey information about their sex, reproductive state, and social status.
0 kommentar(er)
